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Home/Research
Research · American Rivers 2026

America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2026 × the data centers we track

American Rivers released its 41st annual Most Endangered Rivers report on April 15, 2026. For the first time in the report's history, data center development is called out as a top threat — and it's the reason the Potomac is #1. We cross-referenced all 10 rivers against our project database.

559projects in endangered-river watersheds
549verified by USGS basin point-in-polygon
4/10rivers with tracked exposure
Read American Rivers' full 2026 report →
#1

Potomac River

Washington DC · Maryland · Virginia · VA · MD · DC · WV · PA

American Rivers' #1 this year — a historic sewage spill plus the rapidly expanding footprint of water-intensive data centers. The Potomac basin is home to 6 million people. Loudoun County, Virginia alone hosts ~300 data centers, with another ~700 more proposed across the watershed (20,000 acres, ~200 million sqft at full build-out).

American Rivers coverage →
495 data-center projects in this watershed
Quantum Loophole Frederick Campus
2.8 GW
Adamstown, Frederick MD · proposed✓ basin
Prince William County Digital Gateway
1.5 GW
Gainesville, Prince William VA · on hold✓ basin
Virginia Technology Park (Equus) [CONTESTED - 3rd rezoning attempt, 1428+ petition signatures, 288 generators, 11 buildings on 277 acres]
900 MW
Clear Brook, Frederick VA · proposed✓ basin
#2

San Joaquin River

California Central Valley · CA

Over-withdrawal, agricultural demand, and industrial use — including proposed data centers in Kings and Fresno counties — in a basin that already cannot deliver on its existing water rights.

American Rivers coverage →
No tracked data-center projects in this watershed (yet).
#3

Boundary Waters (South Kawishiwi)

Northern Minnesota · MN

Proposed sulfide-ore mining is the lead threat. Separately, Google's new 403-acre data-center campus in Hermantown (St. Louis County) sits in the adjacent watershed — connected by groundwater concerns raised by residents and the Sierra Club.

American Rivers coverage →
No tracked data-center projects in this watershed (yet).
#4

Lumber River

Southeast NC · Northeast SC · NC · SC

Sedimentation, agricultural runoff, and flooding risk. Rural NC/SC counties in the watershed are emerging data-center targets as the eastern NC corridor fills in.

American Rivers coverage →
No tracked data-center projects in this watershed (yet).
#5

Rogue River

Southwest Oregon · OR

Federal wilderness land exchange proposal that threatens Wild & Scenic designation. Separate basin from Oregon's existing data-center corridors along the Columbia (The Dalles, Hillsboro).

American Rivers coverage →
2 data-center projects in this watershed
Google The Dalles Data Center Expansion
300 MW · $1.5B
The Dalles, Wasco OR · under construction✓ basin
Google The Dalles Water-Contested Expansion
200 MW · $1.5B
The Dalles, Wasco OR · under construction✓ basin
#6

Chilkat River

Southeast Alaska · AK

Copper and zinc mining proposal in an intact salmon watershed. No known data-center overlap in our tracking.

American Rivers coverage →
No tracked data-center projects in this watershed (yet).
#7

Nissequogue River

Long Island · NY

Legacy PFAS contamination from a former naval industrial site. No current data-center overlap in our tracking.

American Rivers coverage →
No tracked data-center projects in this watershed (yet).
#8

Dan River

South-central VA · Piedmont NC · NC · VA

Pittsylvania County, Virginia drains directly to the Dan. This is the same county that just approved the $73B Stack Infrastructure Berry Hill Megasite — and where residents successfully fought off Balico's 2,200-acre data center + 3,500 MW gas plant in April 2025. Adjacent Rockingham and Person counties in NC are seeing new proposals.

American Rivers coverage →
5 data-center projects in this watershed
Project Delta Stokes County (Rezoned, Lawsuit Filed)
300 MW
Walnut Cove, Stokes County NC · appealing✓ basin
WhiteFiber NC-1 Campus (Former Unifi Plant)
24 MW · $1.0B
Madison, Rockingham NC · under construction✓ basin
#9

Amargosa River

Mojave Desert · CA · NV

Groundwater pumping and proposed lithium mining. In an arid basin where every new heavy water user matters.

American Rivers coverage →
No tracked data-center projects in this watershed (yet).
#10

Suwannee River

North Florida · South Georgia · FL · GA

Excessive water withdrawals (agricultural + potential industrial), sewage, and spring-shed depletion. Southern Georgia counties in the Floridan Aquifer are increasingly targeted for data centers.

American Rivers coverage →
57 data-center projects in this watershed
Project Bunkhouse Bartow County
1.8 GW · $19.0B
Bartow GA · proposed✓ basin
Project Sail (Prologis / Atlas Development)
900 MW · $17.0B
Newnan, Coweta GA · permit approved✓ basin

How we did the match

For each river we fetched the upstream drainage polygon from the USGS Network Linked Data Index (NLDI). Projects with geographic coordinates are tested against the polygon using a ray-casting point-in-polygon algorithm. Those matches are tagged ✓ basin and are verified to be inside the river's actual drainage.

For projects without coordinates — or for rivers whose basin geometry is unavailable from NLDI (notably the Chilkat in Alaska, which sits outside the CONUS NHD dataset) — we fall back to county-inclusion matching using a hand-curated list of watershed counties. Those are tagged ~ county and should be treated as approximate. Two basins (San Joaquin and Dan) came back smaller than expected from NLDI — the query point was downstream of the relevant confluence — so projects in those watersheds may be matching via the county fallback. We will refine those specifically on the next iteration.

If you see a project missing from a watershed — or listed under the wrong river — email george@poweredbywho.com with the project and the correction.

Full methodology on each river, plus the specific threats and action items, is at mostendangeredrivers.org. American Rivers is the primary source. Support them directly if this report is useful — they do the watershed-level science we couldn't replicate.

Project Laurel — Limerick Township (MDC 7 LLC)
750 MW
Limerick Township, Montgomery PA · appealing~ county
Amazon King George County Campus (Downzoned)
600 MW
King George, King George VA · on hold✓ basin
Penzance Bedington Intelligence Center (Contested)
600 MW · $4.0B
Falling Waters, Berkeley WV · proposed✓ basin
QTS Ashburn Mega Campus
300 MW
Ashburn, Loudoun VA · operational✓ basin
CoreSite
250 MW
Fairfax VA · operational✓ basin
See all 495 →
Microsoft Person County Campus
—
MECKLENBURG NC · proposed✓ basin
WHITE FIBER
—
772 state Road 1169, ROCKINHAM NC · proposed✓ basin
Project Delta Data Center
—
US 311 and Tuttle Road, STOKES NC · proposed✓ basin
Project West Hogansville (Moratorium Area)
600 MW
Hogansville, Troup GA · on hold✓ basin
Project Ruby Columbus
600 MW · $5.2B
Columbus, Muscogee GA · proposed✓ basin
QTS Fayetteville Excalibur (Eminent Domain)
500 MW
Fayetteville, Fayette GA · under construction✓ basin
Microsoft Union City ATL11
324 MW · $1.8B
Union City, Fulton GA · under construction✓ basin
Clayton County Data Centers (Moratorium)
300 MW
Jonesboro, Clayton GA · on hold✓ basin
Microsoft Douglasville East US 3
300 MW
Douglasville, Douglas GA · under construction✓ basin
See all 57 →